IDRA’s Texas Public School Attrition Study is one of the nation’s longest-running examinations of high school attrition and dropout trends. This FAQ page answers common questions from reporters, researchers, educators and community members about Texas attrition rates, dropout data, methodology and school policies that affect student success.

IDRA conducted Texas’ first-ever comprehensive statewide study of high school dropouts in 1986. Before then, no one knew the extent of the problem. That study was the state’s first major effort to assess the school holding power of Texas public schools and resulted in state-level policy reforms for the state education agency to count and report dropout data. IDRA is the only organization to have consistently examined Texas attrition rates, enabling year-to-year comparisons.

See the news release for the latest study for 2024-25.

See latest study for 2024-25 (PDF).

Key Findings from IDRA’s 2024-25 Study

  • Texas is failing to graduate one out of every five high school students, meaning one in five freshmen disappeared by their senior year.
  • The statewide attrition rate in 2024-25 jumped three points to 21%.
  • Texas public high schools lost 95,984 students from the 2021-22 freshman class in 2024-25. Latino students accounted for 66% of the students lost to attrition.
  • Texas schools have lost a cumulative total of more than 4.3 million students from public high school enrollment since 1985-86.
  • Schools’ attention to dropout prevention, however, has been showing promise. From the initial study 40 years ago to the present, the attrition rate gap between Latino students and their white peers has been cut in half from 18 percentage points to 9 percentage points.
  • Studies show that the strongest school-related predictor of dropping out is poor academic performance. Students perform better in school if they feel welcome, safe and secure.

Quotes by Celina Moreno, J.D.

  • “This year’s findings show a troubling disruption in the progress Texas schools have made to keep students on track to graduate. At a time when communities are investing in college access and economic growth, we must also ensure students are not being pushed out before they earn a high school diploma.”
  • “At the most fundamental level, students stay in school and perform better when they feel welcome, safe and secure.”

Multimedia

Attrition Study Infographics

Contact Information

Table of Contents – Texas Public School Attrition Study, 2024-25

See attrition study PDF

  • Texas Public School Attrition Study, 2024-25 – High School Attrition Rate Worsens with Biggest Jump in Four Decades – 3
  • 6 Policies that Lead to Higher Dropout Rates – Infographic – 15
  • Dropout Rate for Texas Charter Schools Triples the State Rate – 16
  • Life and Times of the Class of 2025 – 20
  • Systemic Attrition Requires Systemic Action in Partnership with Families and Students – 27
  • A Legacy of Valuing Students – Infographic  – 30
  • Texas Reports 39,000 Class of 2024 Students Dropped Out – 31
  • 8 Types of Dropout Data Defined – Infographic  – 38

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the different types of dropout data?

The four NCES rates and along with other traditional measures, such as the attrition rate and cohort dropout rates, provide unique information about high school dropouts, completers and graduates. Though each methodology has different meaning and calculation methods, each provides unique information that is important for assessing schools’ quality of education and school holding power.

eBook: Types of Dropout Data Defined – See Infographic

Don’t the state’s “leaver codes” tell us where students are?

The Texas Education Agency’s “leaver” coding system had the potential of providing much-improved state reports on the number of students either graduating from or leaving school before obtaining a high school diploma. “Leavers” are students who leave school for various reasons, and the codes categorize those reasons. Some categories of students who leave school are not counted as dropouts. IDRA and others have repeatedly raised concerns about the potential for misuse of those leaver codes to mask and understate dropout rates, which proved to be well-founded. Among those concerns are the lack of verification and a disturbing increase in the number of high school leavers reported as “home-schooled.”

How does IDRA calculate attrition and measure dropout trends?

IDRA calculates attrition by: (1) dividing the high school enrollment in the end year by the high school enrollment in the base year; (2) multiplying the results from Calculation 1 by the ninth grade enrollment in the base year; (3) subtracting the results from Calculation 2 from the 12th grade enrollment in the end year; and (4) dividing the results of Calculation 3 by the result of Calculation 2. The attrition rate results (percentages) were rounded to the nearest whole number. In response to the barrier posed by data masking procedures to accurately assessing attrition rates for the 2020-21 base year, IDRA applied an imputation method to recover masked records and effectively calculate attrition rates for each county.

Does IDRA provide attrition rates for individual districts or schools?

No. IDRA provides attrition data at the Texas state level and at the county level. However, district-level attrition data as reported by the Texas Education Agency are available on IDRA’s data dashboard and in TEA’s secondary school completion and dropouts reports.

What is the difference between attrition rates and dropout rates?

Attrition rates and dropout rates are different measures of student outcomes. IDRA’s attrition methodology examines how many students are lost from enrollment between ninth grade and 12th grade, while official dropout rates use different state and federal calculations. Both measures provide important information about schools’ ability to keep students enrolled through graduation.

How do we compare Texas with other states?

The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) releases averaged freshman graduation rates that compare the 50 states and the District of Columbia.

What factors lead to higher attrition and dropout rates?

A number of school policies and practices do not work as intended and can, rather, lead to losing students prior to graduation. IDRA identified six such policies and practices:

  • Exclusionary discipline
  • In-grade retention
  • Low funding and insufficient support for emergent bilingual students
  • Unfair and in­sufficient funding
  • Watered-down, non-college prep curricula
  • Testing that is high-stakes

See IDRA’s infographic for more info: 6 School Policies that Lead to Higher Dropout Rates and see the article in the 2020-21 study that factors in COVID-19.

Do accountability systems create dropouts?

Accountability systems did not create dropouts. Losing children from our school systems has long been a problem. Unacceptably high dropout rates pre-date the accountability systems developed over the last several years in response to the concern about the effect of under-education on the current information-based economy. In fact, dropout rates for Hispanic students in the 1940s have been estimated around 80% (Cárdenas, 1995).

Accountability systems that do not hurt children will not create dropouts. High-stakes testing does hurt children and will increase the dropout rate (see Lesson Four).

Diagnostic student assessments are useful to guide instruction. And the use of state assessment measures is one of several necessary factors in assessing school effectiveness and for holding schools accountable for educating all of our students. Tests can play an important role in this kind of school accountability – one that accepts the responsibility that schools have toward children and communities.

Is this dropout data a legitimate reason to give up on public education?

Giving up on public education does not solve the dropout problem. Private schools do not have the capacity or capability to absorb large numbers of poor students. Private schools are not accountable to the public for actions or results. Further, distributing public money for private schools would take away money from our communities resulting in higher taxes for homeowners and businesses in the community.

Excellent neighborhood public schools are the foundation of strong communities. The best way to strengthen public schools is to strengthen public schools – schools that are accountable to us all.

What can be done to strengthen school holding power?

The problem is systemic. So the solutions must address schools as systems. IDRA’s Quality School Action Framework shows how communities and schools can work together to strengthen pubic schools’ capacities to improve the holding power of schools through the following six areas – fair funding, governance efficacy, parent and community engagement, student engagement, teaching quality, and curriculum quality and access.

IDRA’s Quality School Action Framework guides communities and schools in identifying weak areas and strengthening public schools’ capacities to graduate and prepare all students for success. IDRA’s book, Courage to Connect: A Quality Schools Action Framework™ shows how communities and schools can work together to be successful with all of their students. The book’s web page provides a table of contents, excerpt, related podcasts and other resources.

IDRA’s report, College Bound and Determined, shows how the Pharr-San Juan Alamo school district in south Texas transformed itself from low achievement and low expectations to planning for all students to graduate from high school and college. In PSJA, transformation went beyond changing sobering graduation rates or even getting graduates into college. This school district is changing how we think about college readiness.

IDRA has outlined a set of principles for federal- and state-level policy.

See strategies for how parents, community members and school personnel can take action together.

Learn about effective dropout prevention: IDRA Valued Youth Partnership program.

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